The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 83
She crouched in the shadow of a bowlder, and heard horsemen go by on either side.
Who acts: captive, horsemen · What happens: crouch, hear, go, shadow · To what, where: shadow, bowlder · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (captive, horsemen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 crouched | nsubj |
| 2 | crouched | crouch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 shadow | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 shadow | det |
| 5 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 crouched | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 bowlder | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 bowlder | det |
| 8 | bowlder | bowlder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shadow | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 heard | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 heard | cc |
| 11 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 crouched | conj |
| 12 | horsemen | horseman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 go | nsubj |
| 13 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 heard | ccomp |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 side | case |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 side | case |
| 16 | either | either | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 side | det |
| 17 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 go | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 crouched | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crouch | past | captive | the shadow of a bowlder | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shadow=Location | ||||
| 2 | hear | past | captive not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | go | present | horsemen | by either side | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by side=Location | ||||
| 4 | shadow | a bowlder | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/83/