The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 86
In a little while she approached a small lake, and saw three horses by its edge.
Who acts: two · What happens: approach, see · To what, where: small lake, little, three horses
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 little | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 little | det |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 approached | obl |
| 4 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 6 approached | mark |
| 5 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 approached | nsubj |
| 6 | approached | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 lake | det |
| 8 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 lake | amod |
| 9 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 approached | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 saw | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 saw | cc |
| 12 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 approached | conj |
| 13 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 horses | nummod |
| 14 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 saw | obj |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 edge | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 edge | nmod:poss |
| 17 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 saw | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 approached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | approach | past | two | a small lake | a little | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lake=Theme | |||
| 2 | see | past | two not said here | three horses | by lake's edge | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/86/