The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 7
The stories must be reproduced as they are told; otherwise they lose that primitive flavor which is often one of their chief charms.
Who acts: stories, primitive flavor · What happens: reproduce, tell, lose, be · To what, where: stories, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories, primitive flavor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stories | det |
| 2 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 reproduced | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 reproduced | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 reproduced | aux:pass |
| 5 | reproduced | reproduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 told | mark |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 told | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 told | aux:pass |
| 9 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 reproduced | advcl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 lose | punct |
| 11 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 13 lose | advmod |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 lose | nsubj |
| 13 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reproduced | conj |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 one | mark |
| 15 | primitive | primitive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 flavor | amod |
| 16 | flavor | flavor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 one | nsubj |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 one | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 one | cop |
| 19 | often | often | ADV | _ | 20 one | advmod |
| 20 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 lose | conj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 charms | case |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 charms | nmod:poss |
| 23 | chief | chief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 charms | amod |
| 24 | charms | charm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 one | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 reproduced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reproduce | must · passive | the stories | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | present · passive | stories = story | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | lose | present | stories = story | otherwise property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | primitive flavor | one | of stories's chief charms; which nsubj; often property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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