The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 9
Seated by the flickering fire in Blackfoot skin-lodge, or in Pawnee dirt-house, or in sea-shore dwelling on the northwest coast, I have received these stories from the lips of aged historians, and have set them down here as I have heard them.
Who acts: sea shore, I · What happens: seat, flicker, dwell, receive, set down, hear · To what, where: Blackfoot skin lodge, northwest coast, stories, lips
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea shore, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seated | seat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 2 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 fire | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 fire | det |
| 4 | flickering | flicker | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 fire | amod |
| 5 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Seated | obl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 lodge | case |
| 7 | Blackfoot | Blackfoot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 lodge | compound |
| 8 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lodge | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 skin | punct |
| 10 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Seated | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 house | punct |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 house | cc |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 Pawnee | case |
| 14 | Pawnee | Pawnee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 house | compound |
| 15 | dirt | dirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 house | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 dirt | punct |
| 17 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lodge | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 shore | punct |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 shore | cc |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 shore | case |
| 21 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shore | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 sea | punct |
| 23 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lodge | conj |
| 24 | dwelling | dwell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 shore | acl |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 coast | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 coast | det |
| 27 | northwest | northwest | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 coast | amod |
| 28 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 dwelling | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 received | punct |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 received | nsubj |
| 31 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 received | aux |
| 32 | received | receive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 1 Seated | conj |
| 33 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 34 stories | det |
| 34 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 received | obj |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 lips | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 lips | det |
| 37 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 stories | nmod |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 historians | case |
| 39 | aged | aged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 historians | amod |
| 40 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 lips | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 set | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 set | cc |
| 43 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 set | aux |
| 44 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 received | conj |
| 45 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 set | obj |
| 46 | down | down | ADP | _ | 44 set | compound:prt |
| 47 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 44 set | advmod |
| 48 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 51 heard | mark |
| 49 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 51 heard | nsubj |
| 50 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 heard | aux |
| 51 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 set | advcl |
| 52 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 heard | obj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Seated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seat | participle | Blackfoot skin lodge or Pawnee dirt house or sea shore | by the flickering fire | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in lodge=Location | ||||
| 2 | flicker | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | dwell | gerund | sea shore not said here | the northwest coast | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on coast=Location | ||||
| 4 | receive | present · perfect | I | this stories | the lips of aged historians | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent story=Theme from lip=Source | |||
| 5 | set down | present · perfect | I not said here | stories = story | here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient they=Result | |||
| 6 | hear | present · perfect | I | stories = story | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/2/9/