The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, A Bluejay Story, sentence 185
I am afraid that we have seen bad spirits.
Who acts: I, we · What happens: be, see · To what, where: bad spirits
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, A Bluejay Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 afraid | nsubj |
| 2 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 afraid | cop |
| 3 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 seen | mark |
| 5 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 seen | nsubj |
| 6 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 seen | aux |
| 7 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 afraid | ccomp |
| 8 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 spirits | amod |
| 9 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 seen | obj |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 afraid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | I | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | present · perfect | we | bad spirits | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spirit=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/4/185/