The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, A Bluejay Story, sentence 205
Thus these men who had not brought food to their families had now lost their women and children, their houses had been pulled down and taken away, and they had nothing to eat.
Who acts: houses · What happens: not bring, lose, pull down, take away, have, eat · To what, where: men, houses, nothing
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, A Bluejay Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (houses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 14 lost | advmod |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 men | det |
| 3 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 brought | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 brought | advmod |
| 7 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 men | acl:relcl |
| 8 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 brought | obj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 families | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 families | nmod:poss |
| 11 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 brought | obl |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 lost | aux |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 lost | advmod |
| 14 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 women | nmod:poss |
| 16 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 lost | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 children | cc |
| 18 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 women | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 pulled | punct |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 houses | nmod:poss |
| 21 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 pulled | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 pulled | aux |
| 23 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 pulled | aux:pass |
| 24 | pulled | pull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 lost | parataxis |
| 25 | down | down | ADP | _ | 24 pulled | compound:prt |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 taken | cc |
| 27 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 pulled | conj |
| 28 | away | away | ADV | _ | 27 taken | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 had | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 had | cc |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 had | nsubj |
| 32 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 lost | parataxis |
| 33 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 32 had | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 eat | mark |
| 35 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 nothing | acl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not bring | past · perfect · passive | this men | to roots's families; food obj | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Destination food=Theme | ||||
| 2 | lose | past · perfect · passive | this men | now | roots's women and children obj; thus property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | pull down | past · perfect · passive | roots's houses | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | take away | participle | away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | have | past | houses = house | nothing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | ||||
| 6 | eat | to-infinitive | houses = house not said here | nothing not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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