The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts, sentence 12
They came to a large village, but no smoke rose from the houses; only from the last house—a big one—they saw smoke rising.
Who acts: ghosts, smoke · What happens: come, rise, see · To what, where: large village, houses, smoke
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ghosts, smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 came | nsubj |
| 2 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 village | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 village | det |
| 5 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 village | amod |
| 6 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 came | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 rose | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 rose | cc |
| 9 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 10 smoke | det |
| 10 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rose | nsubj |
| 11 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | conj |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 houses | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 houses | det |
| 14 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 rose | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 house | punct |
| 16 | only | only | ADV | _ | 20 house | advmod |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 house | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 house | det |
| 19 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 house | amod |
| 20 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rose | obl |
| 21 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 one | punct |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 one | det |
| 23 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 one | amod |
| 24 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 house | conj |
| 25 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 saw | punct |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 saw | nsubj |
| 27 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | conj |
| 28 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 saw | obj |
| 29 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 smoke | acl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | ghosts = ghost | a large village | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to village=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | rise | past | no smoke | the houses | from the last house and a big one | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from house=Initial_Location from house=Destination | |||
| 3 | see | past | ghosts = ghost | smoke | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer smoke=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | rise | gerund | smoke not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/6/12/