The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts, sentence 152
She said to him, “You used to say that canoe was grown over with moss.”
Who acts: sister, Bluejay · What happens: say, use, grow over · To what, where: Bluejay, canoe · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sister, Bluejay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 him | case |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 used | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 used | punct |
| 7 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 used | nsubj |
| 8 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 say | mark |
| 10 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 used | xcomp |
| 11 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 canoe | det |
| 12 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 grown | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 grown | aux:pass |
| 14 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 say | ccomp |
| 15 | over | over | ADV | _ | 14 grown | advmod |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 moss | case |
| 17 | moss | moss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 grown | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
| 19 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | sister | Bluejay | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | use in a quote | past | Bluejay | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | Bluejay not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | grow over in a quote | past · passive | that canoe | with moss; over property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with moss=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/6/152/