The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts, sentence 154
The other canoes had holes and were moss-covered.”
Who acts: other canoes · What happens: have, cover · To what, where: holes
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other canoes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 canoes | det |
| 2 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 canoes | amod |
| 3 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 had | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 had | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 covered | cc |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 covered | aux:pass |
| 8 | moss | moss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 covered | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 moss | punct |
| 10 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 had | conj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the other canoes | holes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient | ||||
| 2 | cover | past · passive | the other canoes not said here | moss compound | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/6/154/