The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts, sentence 40
They put their canoe in the water and started, and as they were paddling down the river they saw ahead of them some people, also going down the river in a canoe and singing.
Who acts: skull · What happens: put, start, paddle, see, go down, sing · To what, where: canoe, water, people, river
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skull), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 put | nsubj |
| 2 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 canoe | nmod:poss |
| 4 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 water | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 water | det |
| 7 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 started | cc |
| 9 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 put | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 paddling | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 paddling | cc |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 paddling | mark |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 paddling | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 paddling | aux |
| 15 | paddling | paddle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 started | advcl |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 18 river | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 river | det |
| 18 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 paddling | obl |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 river | acl:relcl |
| 21 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 15 paddling | advmod |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 them | case |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 ahead | obl |
| 24 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 people | det |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 paddling | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 going | punct |
| 27 | also | also | ADV | _ | 28 going | advmod |
| 28 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 paddling | conj |
| 29 | down | down | ADP | _ | 31 river | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 river | det |
| 31 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 going | obl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 canoe | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 canoe | det |
| 34 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 going | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 singing | cc |
| 36 | singing | sing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 going | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | past | skull | skull's canoe | the water | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent canoe=Theme in water=Destination | |||
| 2 | start | past | skull not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | paddle | past · progressive | skull | some people | the river | ahead property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent people=Theme down river=Trajectory | ||
| 4 | see | past | skull | the river not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer river=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | go down | gerund | skull not said here | the river | in a canoe | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient river=Extent in canoe=Attribute | |||
| 6 | sing speech: express | gerund | skull not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/6/40/