The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts, sentence 98
His elder sister gave him a knife, and said to him, “Quick, run! a whale has been found.”
Who acts: elder sister · What happens: give, say, run, find · To what, where: knife, whale · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Bluejay Visits the Ghosts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elder sister), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 sister | nmod:poss |
| 2 | elder | elder | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sister | amod |
| 3 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gave | nsubj |
| 4 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gave | iobj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 knife | det |
| 7 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gave | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 said | cc |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 gave | conj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 him | case |
| 12 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 run | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 run | punct |
| 15 | Quick | quick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 run | advcl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Quick | punct |
| 17 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 18 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 23 found | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 whale | det |
| 20 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 found | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 found | aux |
| 22 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 found | aux:pass |
| 23 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 run | advcl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 run | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 run | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | whale's elder sister | a knife | whale | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient knife=Theme | |||
| 2 | say speech: express | past | whale's elder sister not said here | whale | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | run in a quote | infinitive | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | find in a quote | present · perfect · passive | a whale | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/6/98/