The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 110
The Bulls looked at each other, and nodded their heads and said: “He knows.
Who acts: Bulls, man · What happens: look, nod, say, know · To what, where: heads · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bulls, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Bulls | det |
| 2 | Bulls | bull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 each | case |
| 5 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 3 looked | obl |
| 6 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 each | fixed |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 nodded | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 nodded | cc |
| 9 | nodded | nod | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 looked | parataxis |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 heads | nmod:poss |
| 11 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 nodded | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 said | cc |
| 13 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 nodded | conj |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 knows | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 knows | punct |
| 16 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 knows | nsubj |
| 17 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 said | ccomp |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | the Bulls | at each | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at each=Theme | ||||
| 2 | nod | past | Bulls's heads | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | know in a quote | present | man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/110/