The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 132
The Buffalo crowded about the Badger’s hole, and began to paw the ground, to dig it up so as to get the Coyote and the ring, but the Badger had dug a hole a long way under the ground, and while the Buffalo were digging he ran along through this hole and came out far off, and ran as hard as he could towards the brothers’ lodge.
Who acts: Buffalo, Badger · What happens: crowd, begin, dig up, get, dig, run along · To what, where: paw, ground, Coyote, hole, lodge
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo, Badger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Buffalo | det |
| 2 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 crowded | nsubj |
| 3 | crowded | crowd | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | about | about | ADP | _ | 8 hole | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Badger | det |
| 6 | Badger | Badger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 hole | nmod:poss |
| 7 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 6 Badger | case |
| 8 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 crowded | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 began | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 began | cc |
| 11 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 crowded | parataxis |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 paw | mark |
| 13 | paw | paw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 began | obj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 ground | det |
| 15 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 began | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 dig | punct |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 dig | mark |
| 18 | dig | dig | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 began | conj |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 dig | obj |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 dig | compound:prt |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 get | advmod |
| 22 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 get | mark |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 get | mark |
| 24 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 dig | advcl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Coyote | det |
| 26 | Coyote | coyote | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 get | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 ring | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ring | det |
| 29 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 Coyote | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 dug | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 dug | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Badger | det |
| 33 | Badger | Badger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 dug | nsubj |
| 34 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 dug | aux |
| 35 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 crowded | conj |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 hole | det |
| 37 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 dug | obj |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 way | det |
| 39 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 way | amod |
| 40 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 dug | obj |
| 41 | under | under | ADP | _ | 43 ground | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 ground | det |
| 43 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 way | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 digging | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 digging | cc |
| 46 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 50 digging | mark |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 Buffalo | det |
| 48 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 digging | nsubj |
| 49 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 digging | aux |
| 50 | digging | dig | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 crowded | parataxis |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 ran | nsubj |
| 52 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 digging | parataxis |
| 53 | along | along | ADV | _ | 52 ran | advmod |
| 54 | through | through | ADP | _ | 56 hole | case |
| 55 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 56 hole | det |
| 56 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 ran | obl |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 came | cc |
| 58 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 ran | conj |
| 59 | out | out | ADV | _ | 58 came | advmod |
| 60 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 61 off | advmod |
| 61 | off | off | ADV | _ | 58 came | advmod |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 ran | punct |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 ran | cc |
| 64 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 crowded | parataxis |
| 65 | as | as | ADV | _ | 66 hard | advmod |
| 66 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 ran | xcomp |
| 67 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 69 could | mark |
| 68 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 69 could | nsubj |
| 69 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 66 hard | advcl |
| 70 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 74 lodge | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 brothers | det |
| 72 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 lodge | nmod:poss |
| 73 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 72 brothers | case |
| 74 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 ran | obl |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 crowded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crowd | past | the Buffalo | about the Badger's hole | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent about hole=Destination | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | paw | the ground obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | dig up | to-infinitive | ground | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||||
| 4 | get | to-infinitive | the Coyote and the ring | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer coyote=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | dig | past · perfect | the Badger | a hole | a long way obj | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent hole=Beneficiary way=Result | |||
| 6 | dig | past · progressive | the Buffalo | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | run along | past | Buffalo | this hole | along property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hole=Trajectory | |||
| 8 | come out | past | Buffalo not said here | off, out property | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 9 | run | past | the brothers's lodge | hard property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards lodge=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/132/