The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 140
At last, when he dug out of the ground, he saw not far off the Kit Fox, lying curled upon a rock, asleep in the sun. He called out: “Oh, my brother, I am almost tired out!
Who acts: Buffalo, some · What happens: dig out, not see, lie, curl, call out, be · To what, where: ground, sun. · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 dug | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 last | punct |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 dug | advmod |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 dug | nsubj |
| 6 | dug | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | out | out | ADP | _ | 10 ground | case |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 ground | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ground | det |
| 10 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dug | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 saw | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 saw | nsubj |
| 13 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 dug | parataxis |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 saw | advmod |
| 15 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 13 saw | advmod |
| 16 | off | off | ADP | _ | 19 Fox | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Fox | det |
| 18 | Kit | kit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Fox | compound |
| 19 | Fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 saw | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 lying | punct |
| 21 | lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 saw | conj |
| 22 | curled | curl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 lying | xcomp |
| 23 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 25 rock | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 rock | det |
| 25 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 curled | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 asleep | punct |
| 27 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 rock | amod |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 sun. | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sun. | det |
| 30 | sun. | sun. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 asleep | obl |
| 31 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 called | nsubj |
| 32 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 sun. | acl:relcl |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 called | compound:prt |
| 34 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 44 tired | punct |
| 35 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 tired | punct |
| 36 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 44 tired | discourse |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Oh | punct |
| 38 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 brother | nmod:poss |
| 39 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 Oh | nsubj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Oh | punct |
| 41 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 44 tired | nsubj |
| 42 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 tired | cop |
| 43 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 44 tired | advmod |
| 44 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 dug | ccomp |
| 45 | out | out | ADP | _ | 44 tired | compound:prt |
| 46 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 6 dug | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dig out | past | Buffalo | the ground | at last | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.instrument PP.theme»: agent=Agent ground=Instrument at last=Theme | |||
| 2 | not see | past | Buffalo | off the Kit Fox; far property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | lie | gerund | Buffalo not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | curl | participle | Buffalo not said here | upon a rock | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | call out speech: assert | past | Buffalo | the sun. not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sun.=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | some of the Buffalo on the outside of the herd = some | almost, tired property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/140/