The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 52
They had seen the dust, and knew that some one was swinging their sister, and that the Buffalo had come.
Who acts: brothers, one, Buffalo · What happens: see, know, swing, come · To what, where: dust, sister · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brothers, one, Buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 seen | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 seen | aux |
| 3 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 dust | det |
| 5 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 seen | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 knew | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 knew | cc |
| 8 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 seen | parataxis |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 swinging | mark |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 one | det |
| 11 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 swinging | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 swinging | aux |
| 13 | swinging | swing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 knew | ccomp |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 sister | nmod:poss |
| 15 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 swinging | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 come | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 come | cc |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 22 come | mark |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Buffalo | det |
| 20 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 come | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 come | aux |
| 22 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 knew | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past · perfect | brothers = brother | the dust | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dust=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | know | past | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | swing | past · progressive | some one | brothers's sister | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme sister=Result | ||||
| 4 | come | past · perfect | the Buffalo | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/52/