The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 54
He crawled out, crying, and pretended that the Buffalo had run over him and trampled him.
Who acts: Buffalo · What happens: crawl out, cry, pretend, run, trample · To what, where: Buffalo
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 crawled | nsubj |
| 2 | crawled | crawl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | out | out | ADP | _ | 2 crawled | compound:prt |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 crying | punct |
| 5 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 crawled | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 pretended | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 pretended | cc |
| 8 | pretended | pretend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 crawled | parataxis |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 run | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Buffalo | det |
| 11 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 run | nsubj |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 run | aux |
| 13 | run | run | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 pretended | ccomp |
| 14 | over | over | ADP | _ | 15 him | case |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 run | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 trampled | cc |
| 17 | trampled | trample | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 pretended | conj |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 trampled | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 crawled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crawl out | past | Buffalo | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | gerund | Buffalo not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | pretend | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | run | past · perfect | the Buffalo | over Coyote | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over he=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | trample | past | Buffalo | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/54/