The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Corn, sentence 5
There were two things that he never staked; these two things were his shield and his lance.
Who acts: two things, man · What happens: be, not stake · To what, where: two things, shield
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two things, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 were | expl |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 things | nummod |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 staked | obj |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 staked | nsubj |
| 7 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 8 staked | advmod |
| 8 | staked | stake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 things | acl:relcl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 shield | punct |
| 10 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 12 things | det |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 things | nummod |
| 12 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 shield | nsubj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 shield | cop |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 shield | nmod:poss |
| 15 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 were | parataxis |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 lance | cc |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 lance | nmod:poss |
| 18 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 shield | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | two things | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not stake | past | man | two things | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | this two things | man's shield and man's lance | man nmod:poss; man's lance conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/8/5/