The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 15
There before her was a hole, through which she could look down and see this world below her.
Who acts: wife · What happens: be, look down, see · To what, where: world
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 before | expl |
| 2 | before | before | ADP | _ | 6 hole | case |
| 3 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 hole | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 hole | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 hole | det |
| 6 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 look | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 hole | punct |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 which | case |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 look | obl |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 look | nsubj |
| 11 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 look | aux |
| 12 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 13 | down | down | ADP | _ | 12 look | compound:prt |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 see | cc |
| 15 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 look | conj |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 world | det |
| 17 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 see | obj |
| 18 | below | below | ADP | _ | 19 her | case |
| 19 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 see | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 look | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | wife | before a hole | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | look down | could | wife | which obl | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through which=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | infinitive | wife not said here | this world | below wife | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer world=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/15/