The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 44
They did not know whether the tracks had been made by a girl or a boy.
Who acts: footprints, girl · What happens: not know, make · To what, where: tracks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (footprints, girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 know | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 know | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 know | advmod |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 10 made | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tracks | det |
| 7 | tracks | track | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 made | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 made | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 made | aux:pass |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 know | ccomp |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 girl | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 girl | det |
| 13 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obl |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 boy | cc |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 boy | det |
| 16 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 girl | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not know | past · do-support | footprints = footprint | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | make | past · perfect · passive | a girl or a boy | the tracks | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/44/