The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 74
The boy took the bear home with him to the lodge, and called to his grandmother to come out and said, “Grandmother, here is a bear; you can have him to pack wood and water for you.”
Who acts: boy, Grandmother, bear, you · What happens: take, call, come out, say, be, have · To what, where: bear, lodge, grandmother, boy, wood · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, Grandmother, bear, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 boy | det |
| 2 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bear | det |
| 5 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 6 | home | home | ADV | _ | 3 took | advmod |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | obl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 lodge | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 lodge | det |
| 11 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 called | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 called | cc |
| 14 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 took | parataxis |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 grandmother | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 grandmother | nmod:poss |
| 17 | grandmother | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 called | obl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 come | mark |
| 19 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 called | advcl |
| 20 | out | out | ADV | _ | 19 come | advmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 Grandmother | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 Grandmother | punct |
| 25 | Grandmother | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 said | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 here | punct |
| 27 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 Grandmother | advmod |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 here | cop |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 bear | det |
| 30 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 here | nsubj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 have | punct |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 have | nsubj |
| 33 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 have | aux |
| 34 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 said | ccomp |
| 35 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 have | obj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 pack | mark |
| 37 | pack | pack | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 have | xcomp |
| 38 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 pack | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 water | cc |
| 40 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 wood | conj |
| 41 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 you | case |
| 42 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 pack | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 have | punct |
| 44 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the boy | the bear | the lodge | with husband; home property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bear=Theme to lodge=Destination | ||
| 2 | call | participle | boy's grandmother | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to grandmother=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | come out | to-infinitive | out property | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Grandmother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | a bear | here property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | have in a quote | can | you | boy | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | pack in a quote | to-infinitive | boy not said here | wood and water | for you | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme wood=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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