The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Caldron, sentence 16
“What are the stars that glitter so brightly above us when the nights are clear?” asked the herdsmen.
Who acts: stars, nights, herdsmen · What happens: be, glitter, ask · To what, where: stars · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stars, nights, herdsmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 asked | punct |
| 2 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 stars | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 stars | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 stars | det |
| 5 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 asked | nsubj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 glitter | nsubj |
| 7 | glitter | glitter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 stars | acl:relcl |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 brightly | advmod |
| 9 | brightly | brightly | ADV | _ | 7 glitter | advmod |
| 10 | above | above | ADP | _ | 11 us | case |
| 11 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 glitter | obl |
| 12 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 clear | advmod |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 nights | det |
| 14 | nights | night | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 clear | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 clear | cop |
| 16 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 glitter | parataxis |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 16 clear | punct |
| 18 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 glitter | punct |
| 19 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 herdsmen | det |
| 21 | herdsmen | herdsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 asked | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | the stars | What nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | glitter in a quote | present | the stars | above us; brightly property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above we=Location | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | the nights | clear property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | past | the herdsmen | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/10/16/