The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Caldron, sentence 58
And all the while, he kept muttering harshly the spells and charms which none but smiths and skilful wizards understand.
Who acts: Smith, none · What happens: keep, mutter, understand · To what, where: spells
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smith, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 kept | cc |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 while | det:predet |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 while | det |
| 4 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 kept | mark |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 while | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 kept | nsubj |
| 7 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | muttering | mutter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 kept | xcomp |
| 9 | harshly | harshly | ADV | _ | 11 spells | advmod |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 spells | det |
| 11 | spells | spell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 muttering | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 charms | cc |
| 13 | charms | charm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spells | conj |
| 14 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 15 none | det |
| 15 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 21 understand | nsubj |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 smiths | cc |
| 17 | smiths | smith | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 none | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 wizards | cc |
| 19 | skilful | skilful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wizards | amod |
| 20 | wizards | wizard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 none | conj |
| 21 | understand | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 spells | acl:relcl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 kept | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | past | Smith | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | mutter speech: assert | gerund | Smith not said here | the spells and charms | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Topic | ||||
| 3 | understand | present | none smiths skilful wizards | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/10/58/