The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Caldron, sentence 65
The black smoke poured from the chimney and rose in cloudlike, inky masses to the sky.
Who acts: black smoke · What happens: pour, rise · To what, where: chimney, cloudlike inky masses
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (black smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 smoke | det |
| 2 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 smoke | amod |
| 3 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 poured | nsubj |
| 4 | poured | pour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 chimney | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 chimney | det |
| 7 | chimney | chimney | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 poured | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 rose | cc |
| 9 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 poured | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 masses | case |
| 11 | cloudlike | cloudlike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 masses | amod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 cloudlike | punct |
| 13 | inky | inky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 masses | amod |
| 14 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 rose | obl |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 sky | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sky | det |
| 17 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rose | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 poured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pour | participle | the black smoke | the chimney | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from chimney=Source | ||||
| 2 | rise | past | the black smoke not said here | cloudlike inky masses | to the sky | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mass=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/10/65/