The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 19
The pine trees shivered and moaned because of his chilly breath, and the brooks and waterfalls were frozen with fear.
Who acts: pine trees · What happens: shiver, moan, freeze · To what, where: brooks
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pine trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 trees | det |
| 2 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 trees | compound |
| 3 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 shivered | nsubj |
| 4 | shivered | shiver | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 moaned | cc |
| 6 | moaned | moan | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 shivered | conj |
| 7 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 11 breath | case |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 because | fixed |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 breath | nmod:poss |
| 10 | chilly | chilly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 breath | amod |
| 11 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 moaned | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 frozen | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 frozen | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 brooks | det |
| 15 | brooks | brook | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 waterfalls | cc |
| 17 | waterfalls | waterfall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 brooks | conj |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 frozen | aux:pass |
| 19 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 shivered | conj |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 fear | case |
| 21 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 frozen | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shivered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shiver | past | the pine trees | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | moan | past | the pine trees not said here | because Ilmarinen's chilly breath | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | freeze | past · passive | the brooks and waterfalls | with fear | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with fear=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/11/19/