The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 6
Next there was heard a joyous whistling among the pine trees, and a whir-whirring as of the wings of a thousand birds; and there was a fragrance in the air like the fragrance of countless wildflowers, and a soft breathing like the breath of a sleeping child.
Who acts: whir, fragrance · What happens: hear, whir, be, sleep · To what, where: joyous whistling
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whir, fragrance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Next | next | ADV | _ | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 heard | expl |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | aux:pass |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 whistling | det |
| 6 | joyous | joyous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 whistling | amod |
| 7 | whistling | whistling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 8 | among | among | ADP | _ | 11 trees | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 trees | det |
| 10 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 trees | compound |
| 11 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 whistling | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 whirring | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 whirring | cc |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 whir | det |
| 15 | whir | whir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 whirring | nsubj |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 whir | punct |
| 17 | whirring | whir | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 heard | advcl |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 21 wings | case |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 as | fixed |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 wings | det |
| 21 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 whirring | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 birds | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 thousand | det |
| 24 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 birds | nummod |
| 25 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 wings | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 was | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 was | cc |
| 28 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 29 was | expl |
| 29 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | parataxis |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 fragrance | det |
| 31 | fragrance | fragrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 was | nsubj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 air | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 air | det |
| 34 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 fragrance | nmod |
| 35 | like | like | ADP | _ | 37 fragrance | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 fragrance | det |
| 37 | fragrance | fragrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 air | nmod |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 wildflowers | case |
| 39 | countless | countless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 wildflowers | amod |
| 40 | wildflowers | wildflower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 fragrance | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 breathing | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 breathing | cc |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 breathing | det |
| 44 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 breathing | amod |
| 45 | breathing | breathing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obl |
| 46 | like | like | ADP | _ | 48 breath | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 breath | det |
| 48 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 breathing | nmod |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 child | case |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 child | det |
| 51 | sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 52 child | amod |
| 52 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 breath | nmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · passive | a joyous whistling | there | among the pine trees; a soft breathing like the breath of a sleeping child obl; next property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: whistling=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | whir | gerund | a whir | as the wings of thousand birds | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | be | past | a fragrance in the air like the fragrance of countless wildflowers | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | sleep | gerund | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/11/6/