The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 85
She spoke, and her voice was gruff and unkind.
Who acts: Woman, voice · What happens: speak, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woman, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 spoke | nsubj |
| 2 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 gruff | punct |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 gruff | cc |
| 5 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 voice | nmod:poss |
| 6 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 gruff | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 gruff | cop |
| 8 | gruff | gruff | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 spoke | parataxis |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 unkind | cc |
| 10 | unkind | unkind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 gruff | conj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Woman | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | past | Woman's voice | gruff property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | Woman's voice not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/11/85/