The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Homesick Hero, sentence 32

Who, at winter’s beginning, would tell the songbirds to fly southward, and who would cheer the wild geese on their way to summer lands?”

Who acts: songbirds, winter · What happens: tell, fly, cheer, begin · To what, where: songbirds, wild geese, way · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Homesick Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (songbirds, winter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 tell	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 beginning	punct
3	at	at	ADP	_	6 beginning	case
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 beginning	nmod:poss
5	’s	's	PART	_	4 winter	case
6	beginning	beginning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Who	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Who	punct
8	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 tell	aux
9	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 songbirds	det
11	songbirds	songbird	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 tell	obj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 fly	mark
13	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 tell	xcomp
14	southward	southward	ADV	_	13 fly	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 cheer	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 cheer	cc
17	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 cheer	nsubj
18	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 cheer	aux
19	cheer	cheer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 tell	conj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 geese	det
21	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 geese	amod
22	geese	goose	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 cheer	obj
23	on	on	ADP	_	25 way	case
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 way	nmod:poss
25	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 geese	nmod
26	to	to	PART	_	28 lands	mark
27	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 lands	compound
28	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 cheer	advcl
29	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 tell	punct
30	”	"	PUNCT	_	9 tell	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	would		the songbirds		Who at winter's beginning nsubj	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent songbird=Recipient clause=Topic
2	fly not said to happen	to-infinitive	the songbirds not said here			southward property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	cheer	would		the wild geese	geese's way	who nsubj; summer lands advcl	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus goose=Experiencer
4	begin		winter				nom beginning «event transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/12/32/

🌲 The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Homesick Hero, sentence 32

The tree

Pragmatics

The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Homesick Hero, sentence 32