The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 53
He knew by name every tree and shrub that grew in the Land of Heroes, and he understood the language of birds and of beasts and of every living thing.
Who acts: dwarf, tree · What happens: know, grow, understand · To what, where: tree, Land, language
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dwarf, tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 4 name | case |
| 4 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knew | obl |
| 5 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 tree | det |
| 6 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knew | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 shrub | cc |
| 8 | shrub | shrub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tree | conj |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 grew | nsubj |
| 10 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 tree | acl:relcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 Land | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Land | det |
| 13 | Land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 grew | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Heroes | case |
| 15 | Heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 Land | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 understood | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 understood | cc |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 understood | nsubj |
| 19 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 knew | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 language | det |
| 21 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 understood | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 birds | case |
| 23 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 language | nmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 beasts | cc |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 beasts | case |
| 26 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 birds | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 thing | cc |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 thing | case |
| 29 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 31 thing | det |
| 30 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 thing | compound |
| 31 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 birds | conj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | dwarf | every tree and shrub | by name | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer tree=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | grow | past | every tree and shrub | the Land of Heroes | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location | ||||
| 3 | understand | past | dwarf | the language of birds and beasts and every living thing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/53/