The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 58
The tree trembled and every leaf upon it quivered when he held before it his sharp-edged axe with golden poll and copper handle.
Who acts: tree, Sampsa · What happens: tremble, quiver, hold, edge · To what, where: tree, sharp edged axe, leaf
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree, Sampsa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 tree | det |
| 2 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 quivered | nsubj |
| 3 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 tree | acl |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 leaf | cc |
| 5 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 leaf | det |
| 6 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 tree | conj |
| 7 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 9 quivered | mark |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 quivered | nsubj |
| 9 | quivered | quiver | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 held | advmod |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 held | nsubj |
| 12 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 quivered | advcl |
| 13 | before | before | ADP | _ | 14 it | case |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 held | obl |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 axe | nmod:poss |
| 16 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 axe | amod |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 sharp | punct |
| 18 | edged | edge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 axe | amod |
| 19 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 held | obj |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 poll | case |
| 21 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 poll | amod |
| 22 | poll | poll | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 axe | nmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 handle | cc |
| 24 | copper | copper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 handle | compound |
| 25 | handle | handle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 poll | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 quivered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tremble | participle | the tree and every leaf not said here | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | quiver | past | the tree and every leaf | leaf nsubj | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | hold | past | Sampsa | Sampsa's sharp edged axe | leaf | with golden poll and copper handle | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent axe=Theme before it=Location | ||
| 4 | edge | participle | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/58/