The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 111
“I am old,” he said, “and many are the perils I have faced and many the dangers I have escaped.
Who acts: Minstrel · What happens: be, say, face, escape · To what, where: many perils, many dangers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 old | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 old | nsubj |
| 3 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 old | cop |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 said | ccomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 old | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 old | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 said | nsubj |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 faced | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 faced | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 perils | cc |
| 12 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 perils | amod |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 perils | cop |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 perils | det |
| 15 | perils | peril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 faced | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 faced | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 faced | aux |
| 18 | faced | face | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 said | ccomp |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 escaped | cc |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 dangers | amod |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 dangers | det |
| 22 | dangers | danger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 escaped | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 escaped | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 escaped | aux |
| 25 | escaped | escape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 faced | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | Minstrel | old property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Minstrel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | the many perils | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | face in a quote | present · perfect · passive | the many perils | I nsubj:pass | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination | ||||
| 5 | escape in a quote | present · perfect · passive | the many dangers | I nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/14/111/