The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 127
“Never before has a living hero dared to cross this threshold.”
Who acts: living hero · What happens: have, dare, cross · To what, where: threshold · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (living hero), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
| 2 | Never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 3 before | advmod |
| 3 | before | before | ADV | _ | 4 has | advmod |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hero | det |
| 6 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hero | compound |
| 7 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 dared | nsubj |
| 8 | dared | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | ccomp |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 cross | mark |
| 10 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 dared | xcomp |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 threshold | det |
| 12 | threshold | threshold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cross | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
| 14 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have in a quote | present | never | before property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | dare in a quote | past | a living hero | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | cross in a quote | to-infinitive | a living hero not said here | this threshold | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent threshold=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/14/127/