The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 16

Dark were the forests through which he passed; broad and deep were the rivers which he crossed; high and rugged were the mountains which reared themselves before him.

Who acts: E, Dark forests, mountains · What happens: be, pass, cross, rug, rear · To what, where: Dark forests, broad rivers, mountains, forests

This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (E, Dark forests, mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dark	Dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 forests	amod
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 forests	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 forests	det
4	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 mountains	nsubj
5	through	through	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 passed	obl
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 passed	nsubj
8	passed	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 forests	acl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 rivers	punct
10	broad	broad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 rivers	amod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 deep	cc
12	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 broad	conj
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 rivers	cop
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 rivers	det
15	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 forests	conj
16	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 crossed	obj
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 crossed	nsubj
18	crossed	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 rivers	acl:relcl
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 high	punct
20	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 crossed	advcl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 rugged	cc
22	rugged	rug	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 crossed	conj
23	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 mountains	cop
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 mountains	det
25	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 reared	nsubj
27	reared	rear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 mountains	acl:relcl
28	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	27 reared	obj
29	before	before	ADP	_	30 him	case
30	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 reared	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	25 mountains	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	is a	past		the Dark forests and the broad rivers			tree rules
2	pass	past	E		the Dark forests and the broad rivers		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through which=Location
3	is a	past		the broad rivers			tree rules
4	cross	past	E	the broad rivers			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient
5	rug	past	E not said here				tree rules
6	is a	past	the Dark forests and the broad rivers	the mountains			tree rules
7	rear	past	the mountains	forests = forest		before E	vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/14/16/

🌲 The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 16

The tree

Pragmatics

The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 16