The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Hero’s Return, sentence 9
Suddenly, far down the snow-drifted road, a sound was heard which was not the noise of the wind, a cry was heard which was not the voice of the storm spirit.
What happens: drift, hear, not be · To what, where: sound, noise, cry, voice
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hero’s Return. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 3 far | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Suddenly | punct |
| 3 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 heard | advmod |
| 4 | down | down | ADP | _ | 9 road | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 road | det |
| 6 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 drifted | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 snow | punct |
| 8 | drifted | drift | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 road | amod |
| 9 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 far | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 far | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 sound | det |
| 12 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 heard | aux:pass |
| 14 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 noise | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 noise | cop |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 noise | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 noise | det |
| 19 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 heard | parataxis |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 wind | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 wind | det |
| 22 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 noise | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 heard | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cry | det |
| 25 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 heard | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 heard | aux:pass |
| 27 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 noise | parataxis |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 voice | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 voice | cop |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 voice | advmod |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 voice | det |
| 32 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 heard | parataxis |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 spirit | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 spirit | det |
| 35 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 spirit | compound |
| 36 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 voice | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drift | participle | snow compound | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | hear | past · passive | a sound | far property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | not is a | past | the noise | of the wind; which nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | hear | past · passive | a cry | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | not is a | past | the voice | of the storm spirit; which nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/16/9/