The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wisdom Keeper, sentence 73
On each of his shoulders an aspen tree was growing; his eyebrows were groves of birches; willow bushes formed his matted beard.
Who acts: aspen tree, eyebrows, willow bushes · What happens: grow, be, form, mat · To what, where: shoulders, groves, matted beard
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wisdom Keeper. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (aspen tree, eyebrows, willow bushes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 2 each | case |
| 2 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 eyebrows | det |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 shoulders | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 5 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 each | nmod |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 tree | det |
| 7 | aspen | aspen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tree | compound |
| 8 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 growing | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 growing | aux |
| 10 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 shoulders | acl:relcl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 each | punct |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 eyebrows | nmod:poss |
| 13 | eyebrows | eyebrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 groves | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 groves | cop |
| 15 | groves | grove | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 birches | case |
| 17 | birches | birch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 groves | nmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 formed | punct |
| 19 | willow | willow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bushes | compound |
| 20 | bushes | bush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 formed | nsubj |
| 21 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 groves | acl:relcl |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 beard | nmod:poss |
| 23 | matted | mat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 beard | amod |
| 24 | beard | beard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 formed | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 groves | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past · progressive | a aspen tree | planter's shoulders not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shoulder=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | planter's eyebrows | groves | of birches | tree rules | |||
| 3 | form | past | willow bushes | planter's matted beard | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location beard=Theme | ||||
| 4 | mat | participle | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/17/73/