The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Launching, sentence 38
Soon there was a sound of creaking, rumbling, scraping—a sound not loud, but distinct and growing stronger.
Who acts: sound · What happens: creak, rumble, scrape, be, grow · To what, where: sound
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Launching. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 was | advmod |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 was | expl |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 distinct | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 sound | det |
| 5 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 was | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 7 creaking | mark |
| 7 | creaking | creak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 sound | acl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 rumbling | punct |
| 9 | rumbling | rumble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 creaking | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 scraping | punct |
| 11 | scraping | scrape | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 creaking | conj |
| 12 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 sound | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 sound | det |
| 14 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 scraping | obj |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 loud | advmod |
| 16 | loud | loud | ADV | _ | 14 sound | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 distinct | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 distinct | cc |
| 19 | distinct | distinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 growing | cc |
| 21 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 distinct | conj |
| 22 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 growing | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 distinct | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | creak | gerund | a sound not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | rumble | gerund | a sound not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | scrape | gerund | a sound not said here | a sound | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | past | distinct property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | grow | gerund | strong property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/18/38/