The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Mistress and Minstrel, sentence 25
By this time the day was dawning; the sky in the east was becoming flecked with yellow and red; the cock was crowing, wild ducks were quacking by the shore, sparrows were chirping under the eaves.
Who acts: time, cock, wild ducks, sparrows · What happens: dawn, fleck, crow, quack, chirp · To what, where: sky, eaves
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, cock, wild ducks, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 flecked | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 day | det |
| 5 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dawning | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 dawning | aux |
| 7 | dawning | dawn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 time | acl:relcl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 time | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sky | det |
| 10 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 flecked | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 east | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 east | det |
| 13 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sky | nmod |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 flecked | aux:pass |
| 15 | becoming | become | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 flecked | aux:pass |
| 16 | flecked | fleck | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 yellow | case |
| 18 | yellow | yellow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 flecked | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 red | cc |
| 20 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 yellow | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 crowing | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 cock | det |
| 23 | cock | cock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 crowing | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 crowing | aux |
| 25 | crowing | crow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 flecked | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 quacking | punct |
| 27 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 ducks | amod |
| 28 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 quacking | nsubj |
| 29 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 quacking | aux |
| 30 | quacking | quack | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 crowing | conj |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 shore | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 shore | det |
| 33 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 quacking | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 chirping | punct |
| 35 | sparrows | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 chirping | nsubj |
| 36 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 chirping | aux |
| 37 | chirping | chirp | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 crowing | conj |
| 38 | under | under | ADP | _ | 40 eaves | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 eaves | det |
| 40 | eaves | eave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 chirping | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 flecked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dawn | past · progressive | this time not said here | day | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | fleck | past · passive | the sky in the east | time | with yellow | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with yellow=Theme | |||
| 3 | crow | past · progressive | the cock | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | quack | past · progressive | wild ducks | by the shore | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | chirp | past · progressive | sparrows | the eaves | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/2/25/