The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unexpected Journey, sentence 143
The hero had bidden his mother good-bye, he had kissed Anniki’s lips and whispered a word of magic in her ear, and he had sent messages of love to all his friends.
Who acts: sledge · What happens: bid, kiss, whisper, send, word · To what, where: hero, lips, word, ear, messages, friends
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hero | det |
| 2 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bidden | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 bidden | aux |
| 4 | bidden | bid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 mother | nmod:poss |
| 6 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bidden | obj |
| 7 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 mother | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 good | punct |
| 9 | bye | bye | INTJ | _ | 6 mother | discourse |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 kissed | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 kissed | nsubj |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 kissed | aux |
| 13 | kissed | kiss | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 bidden | parataxis |
| 14 | Anniki | Anniki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 lips | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 14 Anniki | case |
| 16 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 kissed | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 whispered | cc |
| 18 | whispered | whisper | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 kissed | conj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 word | det |
| 20 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 whispered | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 magic | case |
| 22 | magic | magic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 word | nmod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 ear | case |
| 24 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 ear | nmod:poss |
| 25 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 whispered | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 sent | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 sent | cc |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 sent | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 sent | aux |
| 30 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 bidden | parataxis |
| 31 | messages | message | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 sent | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 love | case |
| 33 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 messages | nmod |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 friends | case |
| 35 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 friends | det:predet |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 friends | nmod:poss |
| 37 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 sent | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bidden | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bid | past · perfect · passive | the hero | sledge's mother obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | kiss | past · perfect | sledge | Anniki's lips | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | whisper speech: assert | past | sledge not said here | a word of magic | Anniki's ear | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | |||
| 4 | send | past · perfect | sledge | messages of love | sledge's friends | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to friend=Destination | |||
| 5 | word | magic | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/20/143/