The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unexpected Journey, sentence 95
Then he raked the coals from his forge; he laid his hammer down in its place beside the anvil; he took off his leather apron and hung it on a peg; he went out of his smithy and closed the door behind him.
Who acts: master · What happens: rake, lay down, take off, hang, go out, close · To what, where: coals, forge, hammer, place, leather apron, apron
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 raked | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 raked | nsubj |
| 3 | raked | rake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 coals | det |
| 5 | coals | coal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 raked | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 forge | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 forge | nmod:poss |
| 8 | forge | forge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 raked | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 laid | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 laid | nsubj |
| 11 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 raked | conj |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 hammer | nmod:poss |
| 13 | hammer | hammer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 laid | obj |
| 14 | down | down | ADV | _ | 11 laid | advmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 place | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 place | nmod:poss |
| 17 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 laid | obl |
| 18 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 20 anvil | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 anvil | det |
| 20 | anvil | anvil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 place | nmod |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 took | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 took | nsubj |
| 23 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 raked | parataxis |
| 24 | off | off | ADP | _ | 23 took | compound:prt |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 apron | nmod:poss |
| 26 | leather | leather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 apron | compound |
| 27 | apron | apron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 took | obj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 hung | cc |
| 29 | hung | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 took | conj |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 hung | obj |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 peg | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 peg | det |
| 33 | peg | peg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 hung | obl |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 went | punct |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 went | nsubj |
| 36 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 raked | parataxis |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 40 smithy | case |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 smithy | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 smithy | nmod:poss |
| 40 | smithy | smithy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 went | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 closed | cc |
| 42 | closed | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 went | conj |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 door | det |
| 44 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 closed | obj |
| 45 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 46 him | case |
| 46 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 closed | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 raked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rake | past | master | the coals | master's forge | then | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent coal=Theme from forge=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | lay down | past | master | master's hammer | hammer's place beside the anvil | down property | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme in place=Destination | ||
| 3 | take off | past | master | master's leather apron | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apron=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hang | past | master not said here | apron | a peg | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on peg=Destination | |||
| 5 | go out | past | master | master's smithy | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | close | past | master not said here | the door | behind master | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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