The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Friendly Rivals, sentence 13
“Hail, ho!” he answered; but there was no heartiness in his tones, the words labored in his mouth before they could escape from his lips, they fell coldly, like ice on a stormy shore.
Who acts: Hail, heartiness, face · What happens: answer, be, labor, escape, fall, intonate · To what, where: words, mouth, lips · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Friendly Rivals. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hail, heartiness, face), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hail | punct |
| 2 | Hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 answered | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 ho | punct |
| 4 | ho | ho | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Hail | conj |
| 5 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hail | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hail | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 answered | nsubj |
| 8 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 was | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 was | cc |
| 11 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 12 was | expl |
| 12 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 fell | advcl |
| 13 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 heartiness | det |
| 14 | heartiness | heartiness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 was | nsubj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 tones | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 tones | nmod:poss |
| 17 | tones | tone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 heartiness | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 words | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 words | det |
| 20 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 tones | appos |
| 21 | labored | labor | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 words | acl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 mouth | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 24 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 labored | obl |
| 25 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 28 escape | mark |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 escape | nsubj |
| 27 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 escape | aux |
| 28 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 labored | advcl |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 lips | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 lips | nmod:poss |
| 31 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 escape | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 fell | punct |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 fell | nsubj |
| 34 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 answered | ccomp |
| 35 | coldly | coldly | ADV | _ | 34 fell | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 ice | punct |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 ice | case |
| 38 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 fell | obl |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 shore | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 shore | det |
| 41 | stormy | stormy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 shore | amod |
| 42 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 ice | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: assert | past | Hail and ho | face nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | past | no heartiness in face's tones | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | labor | participle | the words not said here | face's mouth | vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | escape | could | Hail | face's lips | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from lip=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | fall | past | Hail | like ice on a stormy shore; coldly property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | intonate | face | nom tone «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/21/13/