The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Friendly Rivals, sentence 50
The cuckoos twittered, the bluebirds sang merrily, and the birchwood runners of the enchanted sledge whizzed over the sand and then glided through the new-fallen snow.
Who acts: cuckoos, bluebirds, birchwood runners · What happens: twitter, sing, enchant, whiz, glide, fall · To what, where: sand, fallen snow
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Friendly Rivals. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cuckoos, bluebirds, birchwood runners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cuckoos | det |
| 2 | cuckoos | cuckoo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 twittered | nsubj |
| 3 | twittered | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sang | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 bluebirds | det |
| 6 | bluebirds | bluebird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 sang | nsubj |
| 7 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 twittered | conj |
| 8 | merrily | merrily | ADV | _ | 7 sang | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 whizzed | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 whizzed | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 runners | det |
| 12 | birchwood | birchwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 runners | compound |
| 13 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 whizzed | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 sledge | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sledge | det |
| 16 | enchanted | enchant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 sledge | amod |
| 17 | sledge | sledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 runners | nmod |
| 18 | whizzed | whiz | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 twittered | parataxis |
| 19 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 sand | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sand | det |
| 21 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 whizzed | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 glided | cc |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 glided | advmod |
| 24 | glided | glide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 whizzed | conj |
| 25 | through | through | ADP | _ | 30 snow | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 snow | det |
| 27 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 fallen | amod |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 new | punct |
| 29 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 snow | amod |
| 30 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 glided | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 twittered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | past | the cuckoos | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | past | the bluebirds | merrily property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | enchant | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | whiz | past | the birchwood runners of the enchanted sledge | the sand | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sand=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | glide | past | the birchwood runners of the enchanted sledge not said here | the fallen snow | then | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through snow=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/21/50/