The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Friendly Rivals, sentence 8
The Smith drew hard upon the reins; his racer ceased speeding, and the sledge runners grated on the beach.
Who acts: Smith, racer · What happens: draw, cease, speed, grate · To what, where: sledge runners
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Friendly Rivals. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smith, racer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Smith | det |
| 2 | Smith | Smith | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 drew | nsubj |
| 3 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 drew | advmod |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 reins | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 reins | det |
| 7 | reins | rein | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 drew | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 ceased | punct |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 racer | nmod:poss |
| 10 | racer | racer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ceased | nsubj |
| 11 | ceased | cease | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 drew | conj |
| 12 | speeding | speed | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 ceased | xcomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 runners | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 runners | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 runners | det |
| 16 | sledge | sledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 runners | compound |
| 17 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 ceased | obl |
| 18 | grated | grate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 runners | acl |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 beach | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 beach | det |
| 21 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 grated | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 drew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | past | the Smith | upon the reins; hard property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | cease | past | Smith's racer | the sledge runners | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | speed | gerund | Smith's racer not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | grate | participle | the sledge runners not said here | on the beach | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus on beach=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/21/8/