The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Field of Serpents, sentence 79
First he made a pair of iron shoes to wear upon his feet; then he forged ten long chains, slender and delicate, and these he wove together and shaped into pliant greaves to cover his legs.
Who acts: smoke, these · What happens: make, wear, forge, weave, shape, cover · To what, where: pair, ten long chains, pliant greaves, legs
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Field of Serpents. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | First | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 made | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 pair | det |
| 5 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 shoes | case |
| 7 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 shoes | compound |
| 8 | shoes | shoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 pair | nmod |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 wear | mark |
| 10 | wear | wear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 made | advcl |
| 11 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 13 feet | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 feet | nmod:poss |
| 13 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 wear | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 forged | punct |
| 15 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 forged | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 forged | nsubj |
| 17 | forged | forge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | conj |
| 18 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 chains | nummod |
| 19 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 chains | amod |
| 20 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 forged | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 slender | punct |
| 22 | slender | slender | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 chains | amod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 delicate | cc |
| 24 | delicate | delicate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 slender | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 wove | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 wove | cc |
| 27 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 29 wove | nsubj |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 wove | nsubj |
| 29 | wove | weave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 30 | together | together | ADV | _ | 29 wove | advmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 shaped | cc |
| 32 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 wove | conj |
| 33 | into | into | ADP | _ | 35 greaves | case |
| 34 | pliant | pliant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 greaves | amod |
| 35 | greaves | greave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 shaped | obl |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 cover | mark |
| 37 | cover | cover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 shaped | advcl |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 legs | nmod:poss |
| 39 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 cover | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | smoke | a pair of iron shoes | first property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Product | |||
| 2 | wear | to-infinitive | smoke not said here | upon smoke's feet | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | forge | past | smoke | ten long chains | then | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chain=Product | |||
| 4 | weave | past | these | smoke nsubj; together property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | shape | participle | these not said here | pliant greaves | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into greave=Product | ||||
| 6 | cover | to-infinitive | these not said here | smoke's legs | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme leg=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/24/79/