The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Great Pike, sentence 10
And wise Dame Louhi spoke harshly, gruffly, as one who has never been defeated or denied.
Who acts: wise Dame · What happens: speak, not defeat, deny · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Great Pike. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wise Dame), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 spoke | cc |
| 2 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Dame | amod |
| 3 | Dame | Dame | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 spoke | nsubj |
| 4 | Louhi | Louhi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Dame | flat |
| 5 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | harshly | harshly | ADV | _ | 5 spoke | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 gruffly | punct |
| 8 | gruffly | gruffly | ADV | _ | 5 spoke | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 one | punct |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 one | case |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 spoke | obl |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 defeated | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 defeated | aux |
| 14 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 16 defeated | advmod |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 defeated | aux:pass |
| 16 | defeated | defeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 one | parataxis |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 denied | cc |
| 18 | denied | deny | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 defeated | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | wise Dame | as one; gruffly, harshly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | not defeat | present · perfect · passive | who nsubj:pass | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | deny | participle | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/25/10/