The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Great Pike, sentence 51
“Only women say, ‘I cannot,’ only cowards say, ‘I dare not,’” laughed the maiden cheerily.
Who acts: women, cowards, I · What happens: say, ', not dare, laugh · To what, where: maiden · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Great Pike. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (women, cowards, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 say | punct |
| 2 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 women | advmod |
| 3 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 say | nsubj |
| 4 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 say | punct |
| 6 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 can | punct |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 can | nsubj |
| 8 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 say | conj |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 can | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 ’ | punct |
| 11 | ’ | ' | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 say | conj |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 13 cowards | advmod |
| 13 | cowards | coward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 say | nsubj |
| 14 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 ’ | ccomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 dare | punct |
| 16 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 18 dare | punct |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 dare | nsubj |
| 18 | dare | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 say | ccomp |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 dare | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 laughed | punct |
| 21 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 23 laughed | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 ’ | punct |
| 23 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 dare | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 maiden | det |
| 25 | maiden | maiden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 laughed | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | cheerily | cheerily | ADV | _ | 23 laughed | advmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert in a quote | present | women | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | ' in a quote | infinitive | women not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | present | cowards | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | not dare in a quote | present | cowards = coward | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | laugh | past | I not said here | the maiden | cheerily property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/25/51/