The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Great Pike, sentence 76

Beneath it flowed the sluggish river, dark and dismal and deathlike; beyond lay the shores of the silent land where Tuoni reigns; above it was the ashy-gray sky where no bird flies and no star has ever twinkled.

Who acts: shore, Tuoni, bird · What happens: flow, lay, reign, be, fly, twinkle · To what, where: sluggish river, shores, gray sky, star

This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Great Pike. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shore, Tuoni, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beneath	beneath	ADP	_	3 flowed	mark
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 flowed	nsubj
3	flowed	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 river	det
5	sluggish	sluggish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 river	amod
6	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flowed	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 dark	punct
8	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 river	amod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 dismal	cc
10	dismal	dismal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 dark	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 deathlike	cc
12	deathlike	deathlike	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 dark	conj
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 lay	punct
14	beyond	beyond	ADV	_	15 lay	advmod
15	lay	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 flowed	advcl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 shores	det
17	shores	shore	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 lay	obj
18	of	of	ADP	_	21 land	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 land	det
20	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 land	amod
21	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 shores	nmod
22	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	24 reigns	advmod
23	Tuoni	Tuoni	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 reigns	nsubj
24	reigns	reign	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 land	acl:relcl
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 sky	punct
26	above	above	ADP	_	33 sky	case
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 sky	nsubj
28	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 sky	cop
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 sky	det
30	ashy	ashy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 gray	amod
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	30 ashy	punct
32	gray	gray	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 sky	amod
33	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flowed	obl
34	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	37 flies	advmod
35	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	36 bird	det
36	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 flies	nsubj
37	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 sky	acl:relcl
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 twinkled	cc
39	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	40 star	det
40	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 twinkled	nsubj:pass
41	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	43 twinkled	aux
42	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	43 twinkled	advmod
43	twinkled	twinkle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 flies	conj
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 flowed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	past	shore	the sluggish river				vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location river=Theme
2	lay	infinitive	shore not said here	the shores of the silent land			beyond property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shore=Result
3	reign	present	Tuoni					tree rules
4	is	past	shore		the gray sky			tree rules
5	fly	present	no bird					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	twinkle	present · perfect · passive		no star		ever		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/25/76/

🌲 The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Great Pike, sentence 76

The tree

Pragmatics

The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Great Pike, sentence 76