The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wedding Feast, sentence 39
In four directions they went, yes in eight directions they hastened, telling all the world how the hero, Ilmarinen, was to be wedded on a certain day to the Maid of Beauty, whom all the world adored.
Who acts: messengers · What happens: go, hasten, tell, wed, adore · To what, where: four directions, eight directions, world, hero, certain day · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wedding Feast. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messengers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 directions | case |
| 2 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 directions | nummod |
| 3 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 went | obl |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 went | nsubj |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
| 7 | yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 went | discourse |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 directions | case |
| 9 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 directions | nummod |
| 10 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 went | obl |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 hastened | nsubj |
| 12 | hastened | hasten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 directions | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 telling | punct |
| 14 | telling | tell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 went | advcl |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 world | det:predet |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 world | det |
| 17 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 telling | obj |
| 18 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 wedded | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 hero | det |
| 20 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 wedded | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Ilmarinen | punct |
| 22 | Ilmarinen | Ilmarinen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 hero | appos |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hero | punct |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 wedded | aux |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 wedded | mark |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 wedded | aux:pass |
| 27 | wedded | wed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 telling | advcl |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 day | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 day | det |
| 30 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 day | amod |
| 31 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 wedded | obl |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 Maid | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Maid | det |
| 34 | Maid | Maid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 day | nmod |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Beauty | case |
| 36 | Beauty | Beauty | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Maid | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 adored | punct |
| 38 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 adored | obl |
| 39 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 41 world | det:predet |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 world | det |
| 41 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 whom | nsubj |
| 42 | adored | adore | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 day | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | messengers = messenger | four directions | in eight directions | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in direction=Location | |||
| 2 | hasten | past | messengers = messenger | eight directions not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent direction=Patient | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | gerund | messengers = messenger not said here | all world | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent world=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | wed | past · passive | the hero | day | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | adore | participle | a certain day to the Maid of Beauty | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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