The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wedding Feast, sentence 55
“I thought I heard the North Wind blowing, a pine tree falling in the forest, the billows roaring and the breakers beating.
Who acts: I, North Wind, pine tree, billows, breakers · What happens: think, hear, blow, fall, roar, beat · To what, where: North Wind, forest · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wedding Feast. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, North Wind, pine tree, billows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 thought | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 thought | nsubj |
| 3 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 thought | ccomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Wind | det |
| 7 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Wind | compound |
| 8 | Wind | Wind | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | obj |
| 9 | blowing | blow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 Wind | acl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 tree | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 tree | det |
| 12 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 tree | compound |
| 13 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Wind | appos |
| 14 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 tree | acl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 forest | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 forest | det |
| 17 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 falling | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 billows | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 billows | det |
| 20 | billows | billow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 Wind | conj |
| 21 | roaring | roar | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 billows | acl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 beating | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 breakers | det |
| 24 | breakers | breaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 beating | nsubj |
| 25 | beating | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 roaring | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other in a quote | past | I | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | hear in a quote | past | I | the North Wind and the billows | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer wind=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | blow in a quote | gerund | the North Wind and the billows not said here | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | fall in a quote | gerund | a pine tree not said here | the forest | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in forest=Location | ||||
| 5 | roar in a quote | gerund | the billows not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | beat in a quote | gerund | the breakers | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/27/55/