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The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Slave Boy, sentence 22

Surely he can drive them to the hill pastures and the marshes, he can watch them while they graze, he can keep them from wandering in the woods and thickets.”

Who acts: Kullervo, hill, cattle · What happens: drive, pasture, watch, graze, keep, wonder · To what, where: cattle, woods

This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kullervo, hill, cattle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodnsubjauxobjmarkdetnsubjadvclccdetconjpunctnsubjauxparataxisobjmarknsubjadvclpunctnsubjauxparataxisobjmarkadvclcasedetoblccconjpunctpunctrootSurelyADVhePRONcanAUXdriveVERBthemPRONtoSCONJtheDEThillNOUNpasturesVERBandCCONJtheDETmarshesNOUN,PUNCThePRONcanAUXwatchVERBthemPRONwhileSCONJtheyPRONgrazeVERB,PUNCThePRONcanAUXkeepVERBthemPRONfromSCONJwanderingVERBinADPtheDETwoodsNOUNandCCONJthicketsNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1SurelysurelyADV_4 driveadvmod
2hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs4 drivensubj
3cancanAUXVerbForm=Fin4 driveaux
4drivedriveVERBVerbForm=Infrootroot
5themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs4 driveobj
6totoSCONJ_9 pasturesmark
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 hilldet
8hillhillNOUNNumber=Sing9 pasturesnsubj
9pasturespastureVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 driveadvcl
10andandCCONJ_12 marshescc
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 marshesdet
12marshesmarshNOUNNumber=Plur9 pasturesconj
13,,PUNCT_16 watchpunct
14hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs16 watchnsubj
15cancanAUXVerbForm=Fin16 watchaux
16watchwatchVERBVerbForm=Inf4 driveparataxis
17themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs16 watchobj
18whilewhileSCONJ_20 grazemark
19theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs20 grazensubj
20grazegrazeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin24 keepadvcl
21,,PUNCT_20 grazepunct
22hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs24 keepnsubj
23cancanAUXVerbForm=Fin24 keepaux
24keepkeepVERBVerbForm=Inf16 watchparataxis
25themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs24 keepobj
26fromfromSCONJ_27 wanderingmark
27wanderingwonderVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part24 keepadvcl
28ininADP_30 woodscase
29thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art30 woodsdet
30woodswoodNOUNNumber=Plur27 wanderingobl
31andandCCONJ_32 thicketscc
32thicketsthicketNOUNNumber=Plur30 woodsconj
33..PUNCT_4 drivepunct
34”"PUNCT_4 drivepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1drivecanKullervocattlesurely propertyvn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
2pasturepresentthe hillthe marshes conjvn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
3watchcanKullervocattlevn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
4grazepresentcattlevn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5keepcanKullervocattlevn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
6wonder speech: askgerundKullervo not said herethe woods and thicketsvn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/29/22/