The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Slave Boy, sentence 81
The crows among the pines cawed loudly; the grasshoppers at his feet chirped mockingly.
Who acts: crows · What happens: caw, chirp · To what, where: pines
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Slave Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 crows | det |
| 2 | crows | crow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 chirped | nsubj |
| 3 | among | among | ADP | _ | 5 pines | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 pines | det |
| 5 | pines | pine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 crows | nmod |
| 6 | cawed | caw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 pines | acl |
| 7 | loudly | loudly | ADV | _ | 6 cawed | advmod |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 grasshoppers | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 grasshoppers | det |
| 10 | grasshoppers | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 chirped | nsubj |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 feet | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 feet | nmod:poss |
| 13 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 grasshoppers | nmod |
| 14 | chirped | chirp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | mockingly | mockingly | ADV | _ | 14 chirped | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 chirped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | caw | participle | the pines not said here | loudly property | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | chirp | past | the crows among the pines | the grasshoppers at Kullervo's feet nsubj; mockingly property | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/29/81/