The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Maid of Beauty, sentence 39
Suddenly I heard a thrush singing sweetly to his mate and nestlings.
Who acts: I, thrush · What happens: hear, sing · To what, where: thrush, mate
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of Beauty. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, thrush), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 3 heard | advmod |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 thrush | det |
| 5 | thrush | thrush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | obj |
| 6 | singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 thrush | acl |
| 7 | sweetly | sweetly | ADV | _ | 6 singing | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 mate | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 mate | nmod:poss |
| 10 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 singing | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 nestlings | cc |
| 12 | nestlings | nestling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 mate | conj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | I | a thrush | suddenly property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thrush=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | sing speech: express | gerund | a thrush not said here | Beauty's mate and nestlings | sweetly property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to mate=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/3/39/